Case Study 3

 DUW 1012

Occupational Safety And Health

(Case Study 3: Chapter 7 Electrical Safety)

Name -                                                                 Matrix Number –

Anis Syafinaz  Binti Mazlan                                02DEP15F1100

Awiss Alqurni Bin Alias                                       02DEP16F1005

Syukrina Nazifa Binti Sukeri                               02DTK16F1027

Lecturer’s Name –

En Mohd Sharif  Bin Zakaria

INTRODUCTION

Electricity is a fundamental form of energy observable in positive and negative forms that occurs naturally (as in lightning) or is produced (as in a generator) and that is expressed in terms of the movement and interaction of electron. Its also produce a electric current and power.

 Electrical hazard can cause burns, shock and electrocution (death). Assume that all overhead wires are energized at lethal voltages. Never assume that a wire is safe to touch even if it is down or appears to be insulated. Next, never touch a fallen overhead power line. Call the electric utility company to report fallen electrical lines. We must stay at least 10 feet (3 meters) away from overhead wires during cleanup and other activities. If working at heights or handling long objects, survey the area before starting work for the presence of overhead wires. If an overhead wire falls across your vehicle while you are driving, stay inside the vehicle and continue to drive away from the line. If the engine stalls, do not leave your vehicle. Warn people not to touch the vehicle or the wire. Call or ask someone to call the local electric utility company and emergency services. Then, never operate electrical equipment while you are standing in water and repair electrical cords or equipment unless qualified and authorized. You have a qualified electrician inspect electrical equipment that has gotten wet before energizing it. If working in damp locations, inspect electric cords and equipment to ensure that they are in good condition and free of defects, and use a ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI). Lastly, always use caution when working near electricity.

INSULATION, PREVENTIVE & SAVE WORKING ENVIRONMENT

THE DEFECTIVE INSULATION HAZARDS :

- Improper grounding hazards.

Grounding is the process used to eliminate unwanted voltage. Its also to ensure conductive parts of the product are connected securely to the final earth point of the supply input. A ground is a physical electrical connection to the earth. Grounding is reduced the risk of being shocked or electrocuted. The ground pin safely returns leakage current to ground. Its also Detects difference in current between the black and white wires. If ground fault detected, GFCI shuts off electricity in 1/40th of a second.

- Overload Hazards.

Overload circuit can cause fire. You must use a proper circuit breakers and never overload an outlet. Do not use power strips or surge protectors on construction sites. You can use a 3-way extension with a GFCI instead.

- Wet Condition Hazards

Wet conditions are the hazardous. The damage of insulation increase the hazard. You must always avoid use the tools in wet locations because the water will increase the risk of electric shock.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN ELECTRICAL SAFETY :

- Protection from direct contact

The methods of preventing direct contact are mainly concerned with making sure that people cannot touch live conductors. These methods include :

1. The insulation of live parts - this is the standard method. The insulated conductors should be further protected by sheathing
2. Placing out of reach or the provision of obstacles to prevent people from reaching live parts
3.  The provision of residual current devices (RCDs) provides supplementary  protection but only when contact is from a live part to an earthed part.

Measure of protection against direct contact

- Protection from indirect contact

Occur due to contact with a part which connected to the electrical installation, possibly due to damages in the appliance or insulation, resulting in leakages of current. 

Protection against indirect contact

 TO CREATE A SAFE WORKING ENVIRONMENT

- Lock out and tag out circuits and equipment.

You must  lock out and tag out all the electrical source as safety. place on each disconnecting means to used to de-energize circuits. Attach lock is to prevent operating. Place the tag with each lock and only the person who places the lock may remove it.

 

- Overload wiring by using the right size and type of wire.

Electrical hazards result from using the wrong size or type of wire. You must control such hazards to create a safe work environment. You must choose the right size wire for the amount of current expected in a circuit. The wire must be able to handle the current safely. The wire’s insulation must be appropriate for the voltage and tough enough for the environment. Connections need to be reliable and protected.

AWG - American Wire Gauge - a measure of a wire size

 

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF ALL ABOVE IS NOT CONTROL? 

Electricity travels in closed circuits, normally through a conductor. But sometimes a person's body  an efficient conductor of electricity  mistakenly becomes part of the electric circuit. This can cause an electrical shock. Shocks occur when a person's body completes the current path with another conductor that is carrying the current.

Burns are the most common shock-related injury. An electrical accident can result in an electrical burn, arc burn, thermal contact burn, or a combination of burns. Electrical burns are among the most serious burns and require immediate medical attention. They occur when electric current flows through tissues or bone, generating heat that causes tissue damage.

CONCLUSION

The control of electrical hazards is an important part of every safety and health program. The measures suggested in this booklet should be of help in establishing such a program of control. The responsibility for this program should be delegated to individuals who have a complete knowledge of electricity, electrical work practices, and the appropriate OSHA standards for installation and performance.Everyone has the right to work in a safe environment. Through cooperative efforts, employers and employees can learn to identify and eliminate or control electrical hazards.

REFERENCE

• https://www.osha.gov/Publications/electrical_safety.html
• https://www.osha.gov/dte/grant_materials/fy08/sh-17792-08/electrical_english_r6.pdf
• https://www.tlc-direct.co.uk/Book/3.4.5.htm
• Chapter 7 ELECTRICAL SAFETY Note 

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