My Osh Course

Saturday, 18 March 2017

Case Study 3

DUW 1012

Occupational Safety And Health

(Case Study 3: Chapter 7 Electrical Safety)

Name - Matrix Number –

Anis Syafinaz Binti Mazlan 02DEP15F1100

Awiss Alqurni Bin Alias 02DEP16F1005

Syukrina Nazifa Binti Sukeri 02DTK16F1027

Lecturer’s Name –

En Mohd Sharif Bin Zakaria

INTRODUCTION

Electricity is a fundamental form of energy observable in positive and negative forms that occurs naturally (as in lightning) or is produced (as in a generator) and that is expressed in terms of the movement and interaction of electron. Its also produce a electric current and power.

Electrical hazard can cause burns, shock and electrocution (death). Assume that all overhead wires are energized at lethal voltages. Never assume that a wire is safe to touch even if it is down or appears to be insulated. Next, never touch a fallen overhead power line. Call the electric utility company to report fallen electrical lines. We must stay at least 10 feet (3 meters) away from overhead wires during cleanup and other activities. If working at heights or handling long objects, survey the area before starting work for the presence of overhead wires. If an overhead wire falls across your vehicle while you are driving, stay inside the vehicle and continue to drive away from the line. If the engine stalls, do not leave your vehicle. Warn people not to touch the vehicle or the wire. Call or ask someone to call the local electric utility company and emergency services. Then, never operate electrical equipment while you are standing in water and repair electrical cords or equipment unless qualified and authorized. You have a qualified electrician inspect electrical equipment that has gotten wet before energizing it. If working in damp locations, inspect electric cords and equipment to ensure that they are in good condition and free of defects, and use a ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI). Lastly, always use caution when working near electricity.

INSULATION, PREVENTIVE & SAVE WORKING ENVIRONMENT

THE DEFECTIVE INSULATION HAZARDS :

- Improper grounding hazards.

Grounding is the process used to eliminate unwanted voltage. Its also to ensure conductive parts of the product are connected securely to the final earth point of the supply input. A ground is a physical electrical connection to the earth. Grounding is reduced the risk of being shocked or electrocuted. The ground pin safely returns leakage current to ground. Its also Detects difference in current between the black and white wires. If ground fault detected, GFCI shuts off electricity in 1/40th of a second.

- Overload Hazards.

Overload circuit can cause fire. You must use a proper circuit breakers and never overload an outlet. Do not use power strips or surge protectors on construction sites. You can use a 3-way extension with a GFCI instead.

- Wet Condition Hazards

Wet conditions are the hazardous. The damage of insulation increase the hazard. You must always avoid use the tools in wet locations because the water will increase the risk of electric shock.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN ELECTRICAL SAFETY :

- Protection from direct contact

The methods of preventing direct contact are mainly concerned with making sure that people cannot touch live conductors. These methods include :

1. The insulation of live parts - this is the standard method. The insulated conductors should be further protected by sheathing
2. Placing out of reach or the provision of obstacles to prevent people from reaching live parts
3. The provision of residual current devices (RCDs) provides supplementary protection but only when contact is from a live part to an earthed part.

Measure of protection against direct contact

- Protection from indirect contact

Occur due to contact with a part which connected to the electrical installation, possibly due to damages in the appliance or insulation, resulting in leakages of current.

Protection against indirect contact

TO CREATE A SAFE WORKING ENVIRONMENT

- Lock out and tag out circuits and equipment.

You must lock out and tag out all the electrical source as safety. place on each disconnecting means to used to de-energize circuits. Attach lock is to prevent operating. Place the tag with each lock and only the person who places the lock may remove it.

- Overload wiring by using the right size and type of wire.

Electrical hazards result from using the wrong size or type of wire. You must control such hazards to create a safe work environment. You must choose the right size wire for the amount of current expected in a circuit. The wire must be able to handle the current safely. The wire’s insulation must be appropriate for the voltage and tough enough for the environment. Connections need to be reliable and protected.

AWG - American Wire Gauge - a measure of a wire size

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF ALL ABOVE IS NOT CONTROL?

Electricity travels in closed circuits, normally through a conductor. But sometimes a person's body an efficient conductor of electricity mistakenly becomes part of the electric circuit. This can cause an electrical shock. Shocks occur when a person's body completes the current path with another conductor that is carrying the current.

Burns are the most common shock-related injury. An electrical accident can result in an electrical burn, arc burn, thermal contact burn, or a combination of burns. Electrical burns are among the most serious burns and require immediate medical attention. They occur when electric current flows through tissues or bone, generating heat that causes tissue damage.

CONCLUSION

The control of electrical hazards is an important part of every safety and health program. The measures suggested in this booklet should be of help in establishing such a program of control. The responsibility for this program should be delegated to individuals who have a complete knowledge of electricity, electrical work practices, and the appropriate OSHA standards for installation and performance.Everyone has the right to work in a safe environment. Through cooperative efforts, employers and employees can learn to identify and eliminate or control electrical hazards.

REFERENCE

https://www.osha.gov/Publications/electrical_safety.html
https://www.osha.gov/dte/grant_materials/fy08/sh-17792-08/electrical_english_r6.pdf
https://www.tlc-direct.co.uk/Book/3.4.5.htm
Chapter 7 ELECTRICAL SAFETY Note

THANK YOU😃😃

Saturday, 11 March 2017

Group discussion

Introduction

We need to know about Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) because its is a requirement under the law (OSHA and its Regulations). We need to make Provisions for securing the safety, health and welfare of our colleagues. We also need to make provisions for protecting our clients against risks to safety or health in connection in our trade and activities.

Hirarc is a compound word which is made up of three consecutive activities running one after the other. The activities consists of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control. Hazard identification is the recognizing of things which may cause injury or harm to a person. Risk assessment is the looking at the possibility of injury or harm occurring to a person if exposed to a hazard. The introduction of measures which will eliminate or reduce the risk of a person being exposed to a hazard is known as Risk Control.

We need to know about hirarc because its is the core business of all OSH personnel, safety committee members and supervisors. It is a directive from the Chief Security of the government service to all government departments and agencies through its letter of directive: UPTM 159/267/50 Klt.4 dated 20th of August 2004. Before the process identifying any hazard begin, it is necessary to know how to classify what is hazard, risk and danger. Hazard is anything that can cause harm. Risk is a probability of harm actually being done. Danger is relative exposure to a hazard. Hazard can be sub-classified into health or safety hazards.

Why need risk control and classify hierarchy???

Elimination or inactivation of a hazard in a manner such that the hazard does not pose a risk to workers who have to enter into an area or work on equipment in the course of scheduled work.Hazards should be controlled at their source by engineering controls, administrative controls or personal protective equipment (PPE).

The most effective measure is at the top of the hierarchy and the least effective is at the bottom. So the idea is that you start from the top of the hierarchy in choosing your control measures, and work your way down. In most cases a combination of control measures from the hierarchy are chosen to effectively reduce the risk posed by a hazard. The hierarchy of risk control is useful in determining which control measures are appropriate. The most effective control to deal with a hazard is to eliminate it, but that is not always possible. Some hazards cannot be eliminated. So, the aim of implementing the hierarchy of risk control is to get as many control measures in place so that the risk from a hazard is reduced "as low as reasonably practicable".

BY ELIMINATION ACTION

Getting rid off a hazardous job, tool, process, machine or substance. Example, remove a broken machine to avoid an accident occur during work.

BY SUBSTITUTION ACTION

Sometimes doing the same work in a less hazardous way is possible. For example, a hazardous chemical can be replaced with a less hazardous one.

BY ISOLATION ACTION

If a hazard cannot be eliminated can be isolated, kept away from the workers.

BY ENGINEERING CONTROL ACTION

Engineering controls protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Examples include local exhaust ventilation to capture and remove airborne emissions or machine guards to shield the worker. Well-designed engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions. They typically do not interfere with worker productivity or personal comfort and make the work easier to perform rather than more difficult. The initial cost of engineering controls can be higher than some other control methods, but over the longer term, operating costs are frequently lower, and in some instances, can provide a cost savings in other areas of the process. To learn more about how engineering controls fit into the strategy for reducing and/or eliminating occupational hazards.

BY ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS ACTION

Administrative controls (or work practice controls) are changes in work procedures such as written safety policies, rules, supervision, schedules, and training with the goal of reducing the duration, frequency, and severity of exposure to hazardous chemicals or situations. Although administrative controls can (and should) always be used to control employee exposure, they are prone to human error and cannot be relied upon to reduce exposure all the time. Additional control mechanisms such as substitution of less hazardous materials/procedures, engineering control and personal protective equipment (PPE) may be required to address employee exposure to the hazard.

BY PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ACTION

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is used when other controls measures are not feasible and where additional protection is needed. We must understand the limitations of the personal protective equipment (PPE). We also must ensure that personal protective equipment (PPE) is working properly.

What will happen if risk not control?

Risk is a combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event with specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage to the health of people, property, environment or any combination of these caused by the event.

When the risk is not control, there are many hazard can happen. The one of it that will happen is an accident at the workplace. Hazard can occur when elimination is not controlled. If substitution is uncontrolled, the hazardous chemical is not replaced with a less hazardous one and can occur a chemical hazard and explosion. Next, uncontrolled isolation can cause hazard because the employer do not know that the machine is in repair. There no sign that tell the machine is not work. The employer can fall down because the workplace is not clean. It will occur when administrative is not controlled. Lastly, when the employer did not wearing safety protection during work, there will be many hazard can occur.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the employer should commitment towards safety and health to reduce the hazard at the workplace. Risk control and classify hierarchy of control are use to decrease the hazard at the workplace and increase the knowledge about safety and health. Employees must make sure their employer always follow the rules especially safety. The employees must make sure all the machine in good condition to avoid an accident occur at the workplace. Then, we should make sure the workplace always clean. We should practice safety and health with follow the rules that have been made

Reference